Peace of Westphalia Ends Bitter War
Natasha Anbalagan
1648 SPAIN, The confusing end of the 30 Years War stirs up many questions. Many commoners live their lives not truly understanding how this war occurred and where Spain is now. The unruly Protestants of Bohemia revolted when Ferdinand II, head of the Hapsburg family, merely closed a few Protestant churches. Although the revolt was crushed, it lead to this bitter war. What many do not know is that the two Catholic Cardinals, Richelieu and Mazarin of France joined forced with the German and Swedish Protestants in favor over their Catholic brethren.
The Peace of Westphalia was negotiated very recently. The participants of the war, including Spain, sat down and discussed the problems of the war and decide on the terms of peace. Where does that leave Spain? Spain’s Hapsburg states are terribly weakened while France is strengthened. Experts expect the times to only get worse.
Natasha Anbalagan
1648 SPAIN, The confusing end of the 30 Years War stirs up many questions. Many commoners live their lives not truly understanding how this war occurred and where Spain is now. The unruly Protestants of Bohemia revolted when Ferdinand II, head of the Hapsburg family, merely closed a few Protestant churches. Although the revolt was crushed, it lead to this bitter war. What many do not know is that the two Catholic Cardinals, Richelieu and Mazarin of France joined forced with the German and Swedish Protestants in favor over their Catholic brethren.
The Peace of Westphalia was negotiated very recently. The participants of the war, including Spain, sat down and discussed the problems of the war and decide on the terms of peace. Where does that leave Spain? Spain’s Hapsburg states are terribly weakened while France is strengthened. Experts expect the times to only get worse.
DEFENDING CATHOLICISM 1571
Rachael Kang
Before the amazing Philip II came to power on the Spanish throne, Spanish Catholicism was in constant threat of the heretic Muslims. Now, though, those Muslims have been put into their place.
When the almighty pope called for our Spanish princes to answer to the call of duty in defending the Catholic faith against the arising Ottomans, our Philip II responded as a “true crusader”. Sending out more than 200 brave Spanish and Venetian fleets, Philip II was able to easily crush the ottoman fleet.
In 1588, Philip II invested much of Spain’s money into the Spanish Armada in order to punish Protestant England and its Queen Elizabeth I. Philip II invested a very large sum of money into this attempt, and the people of Spain were happy to oblige, regardless the outcome.
Relations with the Peninsulares
Jean Im
As civilizations in the Americas continue to grow, members of our society are beginning to settle on the American lands. Other countries that were infiltrated by the Spanish Settlers consist of New Spain, Mexico, Guatemala, and the Caribbean. Since most of the settles are male, relationships between the settlers’ and the Native American women were the inevitable results. The relationships have also led to the producing of mixed offsprings’known as mestizos, half Native American and Spanish. But besides love and affection the settlers have a darker side in which they force the natives to work under a system called encomienda. The Spanish settlers are now the landlords, while the natives work as farmers, ranchers, and miners. Though the settlers agreed to respect and care for the natvies, they went against their words and brutally mistreated the natives to the point of death.
